Internet Plagiarism Essay - 1563 Words

Internet Plagiarism Plagiarism used to be easy to catch. It always took real work for a student to try to pass off someone else’s work as his or her own. Different sources of plagiarizing included copying texts from the library and buying old papers off of other students. There were not many resources to choose from where a student’s topic was contained. That has now changed. There is a little thing called the Internet. It has revolutionized the plagiarism world and made it a little more difficult for educators to catch plagiarism culprits. There are some tools out now, however, that are aiding this new battle. Since the Internet came along plagiarism has become a lot easier to accomplish; at least for the time being. What†¦show more content†¦It is also best to include a partial citation in the text such as â€Å"Anderson says†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"According to Osborn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The third and final way to plagiarize is not citing others’ ideas. An author’s ideas that help a writer to form an opinion or view should be given credit in a proper citation. [2] When plagiarism occurs and is caught with sufficient evidence, the results can be disastrous to a student’s career. The punishment can be minor where the student fails that assignment or maybe even the whole course. In extreme cases, suspension or expulsion from the school or University is the punishment. [3] What are the signs that warn educators that plagiarism has occurred in a paper? First, look for context changes. Students will often take a paragraph or two from various sources and try to change a few words around to pass it off as their own. A lot of those times a few context changes will appear from words that were missed when being moved and changed around. An example for this would be a paper about England with references to Ireland websites. Another detection is missing footnotes. Students often do this when they want to act like they do not know how to cite. This way, ignorance can be claimed when the missing footnote is pointed out. To check this, an educator should ask about the source and see if the student remembers what the source was about. If the student cannot remember anything about the source and what it was about or even where he or she got it,Show MoreRelated Plagiarism and the Internet Essay603 Words   |  3 Pages Plagiarism and the Internet Plagiarism is a major problem in colleges around the world. In a study by the Psychological Record, it was found that at least thirty six percent of undergraduates have confessed to plagiarism (Statistics, 1). Plagiarism is the unethical act of stealing ideas, thoughts, and feelings from others without giving the author proper credit. Today, it has become such a serious issue that there are resources available for teachers to identify plagiarism andRead More The Problem of Internet Plagiarism Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe Problem of Internet Plagiarism In November 2001, CNN reported a case of alleged rampant plagiarism at the University of Virginia involving 72 cases and 148 students. What happened at the University of Virginia is only one of many cases of plagiarism faced everyday all over the world. Plagiarism itself is not a new problem, but the Internet has made a difficult situation even more complex. According to Ryan: Plagiarized work used to be generated through frat house recycling efforts, purchasedRead MoreEssay on The Internet and Plagiarism1042 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internet and Plagiarism The World Wide Web is larger than any one person can imagine. There are an infinite amount of links to libraries and other sources of information. There are numerous search engines, such as Yahoo, which make researching really easy. We can find anything that we want on line, because there are no boundaries to our explorations, and there are no laws to stop us. You can find anything from socks to guns. People can even find completed research papers online; theyRead MoreInternet Plagiarism Essay1355 Words   |  6 Pagesassignments or resources go to the Internet , copy and paste . Most of them don ¡Ã‚ ¦t know that ¡Ã‚ ¦s called plagiarizing and that it ¡Ã‚ ¦s ethically wrong. In the following report I will discuss the problem of Internet Plagiarism, the problems affect on teachers and students as well as solutions to detect this problem. II. Definition of Internet Plagiarism What Internet Plagiarism is Internet Plagiarism hasn ¡Ã‚ ¦t been easy as it is today . Before the Internet age , resources were limited so whenRead More The Internet Plagiarism Explosion Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagesexplosion of Internet plagiarism among high school and college students. Because the Internet is so young, there have been few studies conducted on the extent of Internet plagiarism. However, existing studies do show that the Internet is an extremely popular tool students use to cheat on written assignments. In any group of students, some will choose the path of academic dishonesty and copy the words or ideas of another person without giving credit to the author. The advent of the Internet has openedRead MoreInternet And Plagiarism : An Ethical And Legal Issue2682 Words   |  11 Pages RESEARCH PAPER: INTERNET AND PLAGIARISM: AN ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUE AMONG TODAY’S STUDENTS CMST 301 6385 DIGITAL MEDIA AND SOCIETY Prof. Robert Zornes Fall 2014 Vitor S Alves October 3, 2014 Outline The availability of online research has increased the probability that a material can become plagiarized, resulting in an ethical and legal issue. However, it has also introduced solutions to detecting plagiarism with the use of online plagiarism software. 1. IntroductionRead More Plagiarism and the Internet Essay683 Words   |  3 Pages Plagiarism and the Internet A recent study of 500 middle and high school students by Dr. Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers professor and authority on academic dishonesty, revealed that half the students felt it was okay to have parents do their homework. Plagiarism is an extremely controversial issue, whether copying other students work in grade school or getting information from a document on the Internet, plagiarism plagues the minds of the youth of today. The question is how far will students takeRead More The World Wide Web and Plagiarism Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe World Wide Web and Plagiarism In the recent past when computers were available to the public, users could easily type a document without having to retype a whole page to correct or add a part to a document. Shortly after that came the Internet where countless pages of documents and information became accessible to nearly everybody. The problem with plagiarism was much smaller and easier to detect before the Internet. Preceding the Internet, plagiarized materials usedRead MoreStudent962 Words   |  4 PagesStudents and Plagiarism Plagiarism in the education system has risen over the last few years and has become an issue with the instructors due to the many ways students can access information to plagiarize and it has become an issue for students who lack the knowledge of what plagiarism really is. Plagiarism is using someone else’s work such as essays and reports and using them as your own. It also means taking words or sentences from books, newspapers, journalsRead More Classification Essay - Three Types of Cheaters1451 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism - Three Types of Cheaters Fools make researches and wise men exploit them. Merriam-Websters dictionary defines the word plagiarize as to pass off as ones own the ideas or words of another. Every student knows that plagiarism is dishonest and wrong. Why do so many students do it? Students themselves may not believe that they are plagiarizing. Many students plagiarize because of the diverse types of plagiarism which are often unknown to students. The three major types of plagiarism

Leadership Behavior, Team Effectiveness And Conflict...

Introduction Due to the inception of the study on leadership behavior, team effectiveness and conflict management skills, leaders now have valuable resources available at their fingertips to determine what need be done to create a high-performing team. Unfortunately, often times, leaders miss the point and find themselves with teams ridden in conflict and become stuck, leading to organizational ineffectiveness (Gostick Elton, 2012). Since the workplace today consists of an ever changing, instantaneous environment, it is important that leaders ensure their capability to deal with conflict. As such, the following will discuss research found on leading teams through conflict, including (a) diversity conflict amongst teams; (b) managing†¦show more content†¦Diversity Conflict Due to technological advances, teams have found themselves in a much better place, collaboration-wise, than ever before. Meetings can now be held online, anytime, almost anywhere (Berrey, 2010). Addit ionally, the members of teams have become different, too. There are many more different cultures working together than ever before, including those from different countries that speak numerous languages. Because of all these differences, conflict can occur at any time. It is important leaders and team members learn to deal with these differences and conflicts accordingly in order to maintain or create a high-performing team (Woehr, Arciniega Poling, 2013). Cultural Conflict Common sense tells us that different people with different backgrounds and different perspectives are needed in the workplace; these differences increase team creativity (Stahl Maznevski, 2011). Unfortunately, this creativity can only occur if all the people on the team are on the same page. Often times, with the cultural differences, members will find themselves involved in some sort of conflict (Stahl Maznevski, 2011). An important part of culture is the way in which people, or in this case, members of the team, identify within a group (Stahl Maznevski, 2011). Individualist Cultures are oriented around self and independence, instead of a group mentality; personal goals are valued

I Wanna Be Special Plath and Nazi Germany Free Essays

Sylvia Plath is a poet who writes in a confessional style. Her poetry shows her strong opinions towards patriarchy. By examining her works and researching her past, one can see that the two prominent male figures in her past are her father and Ted Hughes, her husband. We will write a custom essay sample on I Wanna Be Special: Plath and Nazi Germany or any similar topic only for you Order Now In her poetry Plath uses Nazi Germany as a metaphor for the oppressive system of patriarchy women live under, while she portrays the victim as Jews. Two examples of poems where this appears are â€Å"Lady Lazarus† and â€Å"Daddy†. Because the Holocaust is such a sensitive subject, there are two schools of thought to Plath’s metaphor. One belief is that she belittles the Holocaust. The other belief is that a metaphor is simply a metaphor. Obviously, Plath has no first hand knowledge if she uses the metaphor so trivially. There are aspects of Plath’s works that people may find hard to understand if they don’t know about her history. To understand Plath’s poetry, one has to understand Plath. Sylvia Plath writes confessional poetry. Because she writes in this confessional style, those who study her work must become familiar with her past. Confessional poetry is when poets write about their own experiences; thoughts, feelings, and experiences become the basis of the poetry. Thus the poems become an expression of poet’s innermost person. Unlike other forms of poetry, confessional takes its material directly from the life of the poet. The tone of Plath’s poetry is decidedly depressing. During her life, Plath became suicidal. As a child, she almost drowned, and later attempted to kill herself before actually succeeding. These experiences become strong influences on Plath’s poetry. Anne Sexton was another confessional poet. She met Plath at a poetry workshop and the two became good friends. When writing poems, one would call the other to get input and suggestions, or just to talk about the happenings in their lives. However, there remains a main difference between Plath’s poetry and Sexton’s poetry: Anne Sexton was not originally a writer, but a housewife. When the stresses became too much for her, she went to therapy. During one of her sessions, her psychiatrist suggested that she begin writing poetry to help her get at the root of her problems. The largest problem that Plath had was with the institution of patriarchy that surrounded her. In her poetry, she expresses her negative emotions towards patriarchy. Plath was a daughter, wife, and mother through her life. These titles also came with roles that were dictated to her by the patriarchal structure. Because she was forced into all of these roles, and expected to fulfil them all, Plath resented those who forced her into these roles, and her displeasure becomes quite evident in her poetry. There are two major male figures in Plath’s life; father and husband. Her father, Otto Plath, originally lived in Grabow Poland and spoke German. He moved to the United States when he was 15, and later taught at Boston University (Modern Poetry, p. 1417). Yet he died while Plath was still quite young. His daughter, Silvia Plath, became very resentful towards her father. This resentment is most strongly found in her poem â€Å"Daddy†. Plath’s husband, Ted Hughes, was also a writer. However, he did not approve of the writing of his wife. He tried to discourage her from writing, to stay home and raise a family. Many today blame Hughes for the death of Plath, and believe that he is responsible for her committing suicide. Due to the experiences that she has with patriarchy, it is understandable that Plath carried resentments. These feelings were so strong that she used Nazi Germany as a metaphor for patriarchy. However, this brought about many conflicts; while some critics defended her use of the Holocaust imagery, others vehemently defended that she was in fact belittling what the Jewish people suffered through. In the poem â€Å"Daddy†, Plath openly attacks her father. â€Å"Daddy, I have had to kill you. / You died before I had time† (Daddy, 6-7). She verbally demonstrates her need to hurt and to kill him; he is the symbol of patriarchy from her early life. Plath resents the fact that he died before she could remove him from his strong patriarchical role. This resentment grew until she began to see oppression everywhere: I have always been scared of you, Wish your Luftwaffe, your gobbledygoo. And your neat moustache And your Aryan eye, bright and blue (â€Å"Daddy†, 41-44). Plath associates her fathers’ German features to Nazi features. This particular comparison also strongly draws upon a militaristic image. As â€Å"Luftwaffe† means Air Force in German, she is quite obviously comparing patriarchy to military. The idea of someone with power over her terrifies Plath. Since patriarchy is seen as oppressive Nazi Germany, Plath sees herself as an oppressed Jew. A sort of walking miracle, my skin Bright as a Nazi lampshade, My right foot A paperweight, My face a featureless, fine Jew linen (â€Å"Lady Lazarus†, 4-9) A few images from the Holocaust are drawn here. Plath places herself in a situation where she is the victim. She draws on the idea of how Jewish people were skinned for lampshades as how badly men treat women. Because of the metaphor she uses, Plath’s poetry has sparked some serious debate. Many critics state that the use of Nazi Germany in that metaphor is very inappropriate. By using Nazi Germany as a metaphor for patriarchy, Plath accomplishes nothing, save to belittle the Holocaust. The Holocaust is the single worst event in the history of human civilization. Its uniqueness is what set it apart from other tragic events in our history. Yet some argue that if it is inappropriate to use Nazi Germany as a metaphor, then other events, such as slavery could be excluded as well. Slavery of blacks is another tragic event that can be used as a metaphor. However, it is this writer’s opinion that there is too great a difference between the slavery of blacks and the Holocaust. If one looks at statistics for the death of slaves and compare it to statistics for the death of Jewish people, one will see that the numbers are relatively similar. The difference lies in the fact that the slave totals come from many years, while Jewish total are only from five years. While slavery was still common, it was possible for a slave to escape relative harm; He (or she) could follow all the rules and be treated as well as other livestock. During the Holocaust there were no rules for Jewish people to follow. There was no such thing as a good Jew, and they were all treated worse than animals. Given the evidence of Plath’s poetry, it is quite evident that she did not fully understand the atrocities of the Holocaust. Her knowledge only extended to that which most people already knew. And therefore she was not fully informed of the subject of which she trivialized. However, other critics defend Plath’s use of the metaphor by reinforcing that fact that it is simply a metaphor, and is doing what it should. It is a common argument that sometimes a metaphor is simply a metaphor. The purpose of a metaphor is to compare two completely unrelated ideas, to shock the audience into looking at the intended subject in a new light. Rose, a critic of Plath, says that she uses the shocking imagery of comparing the Holocaust to patriarchy to entice strong reactions from the reader, and if one dismissed her comparison, then one can be expected to dismiss the very idea of a metaphor. To dictate what ideas can and can’t be used in metaphor negates all metaphors. The Holocaust is not alone in the history of tragic events. If one argues that the Holocaust was horrible, one should also accept that there are other horrific occurrences. Mass slaughters are not an uncommon part of ancient history. During the time of Nero Caesar, Christians who would not bow down to the likeness of the Caesar were thrown into lion pits to be killed. African slaves, who did not obey every order of their masters, were beaten. European explorers who first explored the Americas, killed countless natives, and brought more over seas to become slaves. If one wishes to look at statistics, the number of people killed in the Holocaust, is almost the same as the number of women killed through patriarchal society. Sylvia Plath was a poet who wrote her poems for others to read. Her metaphor of comparing patriarchy to Nazi Germany is used to shock audiences into seeing the severity of oppression that women face. However, to achieve this shock, she lessens the impact of the Holocaust. Many defend that Plath is simply using a metaphor the way it should be used. In this writer’s opinion, because Plath used the Holocaust just to shock readers, is why she is belittling it. If she wrote the way Anne Sexton did before being published – that is, for personal reasons – this writer would not have a problem. As it is, the comparison was written for all to see. By being so public in her trivialization of that happened to the Jewish people, Plath’s only accomplishment is to embarrass herself with writing that isn’t poor, but shows a decided lack of judgement. How to cite I Wanna Be Special: Plath and Nazi Germany, Papers

Report of Current Marketing Issues

Question: Write report on "Current Marketing Issues". Answer: 1. Introduction Ali and Amin (2014) have stated that the customer experience is the practice of designing as well as reacting to the customer interactions for the purpose of meeting as well as exceeding customer expectations, thereby, increasing the customer satisfaction, loyalty as well as advocacy. It can be stated that a positive customer experience is highly important in those customers who are savvy and have the power to choose between the competing companies that offer varying levels of the customer service from poor to the excellent. A recent research work has stated the fact that 80% of the customers would like to pay more for a particular product or service in order to make sure of a superior customer experience. Brocato, Voorhees and Baker (2012) have stated some strong reasons of maintaining proper customer experience in any organizations because positive customer experience enhances the customer satisfaction, fosters repeat customers and the customer loyalty, increases customer advocacy and the referrals. Apart from that, it reduces consumer churn, creates a strong competitive advantage, enlarges revenues and sales as well as constructs stringer customer relationships. Therefore, it can be stated that for any organization, it is required to look at the positive customer experience part, as this is one of the major parts of the enhancement of the business. In order to carry in this specific research work, Perth Painting Company has been selected and the issues of this organization has been shed light on that might affected the customer experience. If the customers are not satisfied with the buying experience, probability is high that they might not like to visit the shop again and this woul d hamper the business of the company in the long-run (Brodie et al., 2012). 2. Company Overview The Perth Painting Company over the past few years has set the bar for all the decorating services across the Western Australia. Through the honest, high quality work, the management of the company has established a string reputation as one of the leading companies Perth has to offer. The range of the services takes into account residential, industrial, commercial, and corporate as well as office painting. The experienced teams of the company are able to tackle all the large jobs as well as any smaller projects. The management of the company provides reliable and professional service that delivers great results. The team assures to deliver best and consistent services to the customers all the time. Moreover, from the company website, it can be seen that regardless of the fact that a company is big or small, Perth Painting tries to take care of all the projects equally. The reputation as one of the leading and best painting company in Perth is a direct result of the hard work they put in place in every work they do (Perth-paintingcompany.com.au, 2016). From the company website, it can be seen that if a company requires giving the company a facelift or wanting to liven up the office, the expert team of the company is present there to provide some affordable services to them. The teams complete their tasks regardless of size and this is one of their best parts in the business. Apart from that, it can be seen that the company take pride in displaying their great workmanship and this help the company to stay competitive in this market. Moreover, the services of the company is extended in such a manner that if one look for either interior or the exterior services, the painters team are always available there to completed the entire job with minimum fuss. Therefore, it can be stated that for quality services, one cannot beat the experience, professionalism and personal attention of the concerned The Perth Painting Company (Perth-paintingcompany.com.au, 2016). 3. Explanation of the current marketing issue from the current research Present day, there exist two types of paint to select from and one is water based paint, most often referred to as the emulsion paint and the other one is solvent based paint. It can be stated that all the solvents are potential to health hazards and even if toxicity varies from the solvent to solvent. It can be stated that the solvents penetrate into the human body and this is one of the major issues that most of the companies face in this industry. Therefore, it can be stated that the manufacturers must recognize ingredients used in the paint formulations and besides that, the manufacturers and the suppliers must develop Material Safety Data Sheets. Therefore, it can be stated that the most discussed issues in the paint industry, particularly in the paint cans are the skinning of the solvent borne paints, skinning of the waterborne paints along with gassing, lumps or the bits, settling issues and gelling paints. In case of the color problems, it can be seen that the issues are wron g to the color card; tinter lumps, poor tinter acceptance and variation from one can to another. It has been seen that the Perth Painting Company has been suffering from the negative customer experience, as the customers are not satisfied with the experience (Gummerus et al., 2012). Already done research work has stated the fact that present day consumers target to purchase the items that has special characteristic trait in order to distinguish from the similar other products of the same or other important purposeful ventures. It can be stated that the Australian economy has struggled to get out of the third gear over much of 2013, but the government is hopeful enough that the economy would finally find fourth gear over the 2014 year. It has been observed that the main culprit that was holding back the economic flow was the election. Most of the businesses and the customers were not prepared to ramp up the spending as well as the investment and the employment, until the election was out of the road. Apart from this issue, it can be stated that the marketing budgets are increasing globally with 84% of the marketers planning to increase or maintain spend in 2015. However, in Australia, budget constraints are top on the list of the pressing issues. However, several survey reports stated the cat that three major global issues are new business development, quality of the leads along with remaining up to date with the present marketing technology and the trends. Besides discussing these global issues, focus must be shed on major pressing issues in Australia and these are budgetary constraints, new business development as well as building proper and deep relationship with the customers. Therefore, it can be stated that the problem faced by the Perth Painting Company Tokunaga s under this category, as the company as well facing some challenges in building proper relationship with the customers (Gustafsson, Kristensson Witell, 2012). The paint industry has been growing rapidly and to stay competitive enough in this market, all the companies need to rely on the innovative technologies. To implement these technologies, the companies are required to have strong budget base and the selected company of this research work has failed to incorporate all the technologies and thus the business has got hampered. The customers in this case prefer to rely on some other companies that are highly innovative and thus the customer experience for this company had got disturbed. Therefore, from the above discussions, the current market issues in the Australian market has been found and the impact of these issued on the Perth Painting Company as well have discussed in details (Krn, 2014). 4. Examples of its application in a commercial setting The major area of discussion of this assignment is related to effective customer based experience development. In the case of painting industry, there are two major issues have affected the customer experience (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). There are mainly two types of paint have been developed by the company Perth paint. They are such as water based paint and emulsion based paint. All these types of solvents use in the paint products have potential threats related to it. As Teixeira et al. (2012) stated that, paint contains solvents and metals, which can harm the health of human beings if they are not disposed of properly. Inappropriate disposal of chemicals in the sewerage system can increase the chance of contamination (Subramanian et al., 2014). Most of the customers are unaware of the potential danger caused due to hazardous paint. The company has not followed the safety procedure implemented by the ISO regulation. As Bowman and Narayandas (2014) mentioned that, the safest and the simplest way to dispose of paint is to use it for its intended purpose. The company should develop a policy that none could use old paint for land filling. Latex paint can be used for land filling if it is less than 10 years old (Tokunaga et al., 2013). The company needs to remove the lid and allow the paint liquid to evaporate. The company needs to develop efficient technology to break the "skin" that forms on the top of the liquid. All these processes are the part of the quality improvement strategy initiated by the organization. There are various reports have been given by the customers about the potential hazards related to the product of Perth painting. The company uses excessive lead in their products, which makes their paint hazardous for health (Sashi, 2012). They should focus on limiting the use of lead materials in their pro ducts. On the other hand, the company has a limited amount of budget needed to be invested in product innovation. As Ryu Lee and Gon (2012) stated that, in the present competitive market, it has become impossible for a company to compete on the basis of price. The company needs to focus on creating product differentiation, which will help it to gain a sustainable position in the market of Australia. They need to invest more on RD, so that the excessive lead used in the paints can be replaced by some other non-toxic elements, without hampering the product quality (Rose et al., 2012). The company can focus on developing some other painting related products such as thinners, roofing tars, turpentine oil and mineral spirits to increase the product differentiation. 5. Explanation of the companys current marketing strategies and Objectives As Luo and Bhattacharya (2013) stated that, customer satisfaction is the most important aspect of business. With the help of customer experience rates and customer satisfaction level a company decides the investment plan for customer experience (Reinartz, Krafft Hoyer, 2014). It has been found that enhanced customer experience can help the company to increase customer satisfaction and enhance customer retention (Luo, Ba Zhang, 2012). It has been found that customers want to buy forms those places, which make them feel good. A company can create an effective customer experience, by providing effective customer services. Making their buying experiences enjoyable and memorable makes customers come back for more purchasing. As Krn (2014) stated that efficient approach to customer handling can increase repeat purchasing behavior of employees. As Gustafsson Kristensson and Witell (2012) mentioned that, presently companies are not able to compete on price. They need to develop product dif ferentiation, in order to gain a competitive advantage in the market (Gummerus et al., 2012). Developing emotional bonding with the customers can help an organization to increase customer loyalty. Now it is required to look at the current marketing strategies adopted by the organization Perth painting. The primary marketing objectives of the company are such as: Improving quality of the product Reducing the product developing time Increasing efficiency of operation Enhancing customers experience Implementation of technology to reduce wastage of time In order to make successful product differentiation, there are three major strategies have been developed by the organization. They are such as the development of customer value, providing perceived value and development of a business model that is hard to copy. Development of customer value The company is focusing on developing on customer differentiation in the perspective customers rather than operational perspective. As Brodie et al., (2012) mentioned that, this strategy helps the company to reduce cost, enhancing performance and satisfying the unfulfilled needs of customers. Providing perceived value The company is focusing on developing an effective communication strategy to provide the perceived value to their customers. As Brocato Voorhees and Baker (2012) stated that, it helps to improve the brand image of the company. Development of a business model that is hard to copy The company has developed a differentiation strategy, which is difficult to copy by other organization. As Ali and Amin (2014) stated that, changing the business operation procedure frequently makes it difficult for other companies to replicate those strategies. It has been found that the company has adopted five effective marketing strategies to enhance customer experience for the organization (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). These marketing strategies are mentioned below: 1) 3D customer experience 2) Taking care of all the touch points to improve customer experience 3) Develop products and services in accordance with the customer needs 4) Enhancing relationship with individual customers rather than brand or a company 5) Implementation of enhanced technologies to improve customer experience However, it has been found that the company is not highly successful to implement this strategy effectively in its workplace due to some internal and external barriers (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). These barriers are mentioned below: a) The company is not able to implement innovation in its services. It has been found that the customer experience innovation model used by the company Perth painting is highly dependent on the competitors marketing strategy (Ali Amin, 2014). It has been found that, copying the competitors has high risk related to it. Using marketing strategy of other companies makes it difficult for the company to improve its product quality after a certain level. b) The company is not able to implement technology effectively in employee- customer interaction. As Brocato Voorhees and Baker (2012) mentioned that, the main issue related to the company is that it does not use technology in accordance to the needs of customers. 6. Explaining how this can be implemented by the company In this section, it has been discussed how the company Perth Painting has implemented those marketing strategies. 3D customer experience The company has perused three imperatives for enhancing customer experience simultaneously. They are such as developing experience focused value proposition. As Bowman and Narayandas (2014) stated that, the company has divided its customers into various stages. Depending on the segmentation, the company tailors its customer experience. Secondly, the company has developed cross-functional collaboration to provide a value proposition. For, example the company has developed its supply chain in line with customer experience. The customer service team of the company is always ready to help their customers for painting and provide effective advice on color and product selection (Ali Amin, 2014). The business operation of the company is developed in such a way that the company can provide superior customer service again and again. Taking care of all the touch points to improve customer experience The company is focusing on improving every aspect related to its business operation to improve customer experience. They are such as quality product development, enhancing brand image, advancement of transaction and interaction and customer's cross-channel exposure (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). Develop products and services in accordance with the customer needs The company has provided a range of services to their customers that include residential services, brick painting, specialty decorative finishes, stripping of old paints and sealing (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). The company has involved experts in all the service sectors in providing best customer service. The company has divided its services and products in accordance to the needs of customer segmentation. The company provides both commercial and industrial painting facility (Ali Amin, 2014). It has been found that the company has right equipment and infrastructures to complete big projects within a shorter period. Enhancing relationship with individual customers rather than brand or a company The management team of Perth painting is highly focused on delivering personal relationship or connection with its customers. As Teixeira et al. (2012) mentioned that, it is an important aspect of a company to listen to all the quarries and advice given by the customer. The company has taken the initiative to gather feedback from the customers. Implementation of enhanced technologies to improve customer experience The company has adopted computer technology to keep the track of their customer responses. Perth painting has also involved itself in the social media websites to develop effective communication with their customers (Teixeira et al., 2012). The company uses online survey technique, web analytics, and tracking tool to measure the level of engagement of consumers. 7. The advantages and the disadvantages of applying current marketing issue to the business As Brodie et al. (2012) stated that, customer oriented marketing is the method of developing a strong customer base. As Teixeira et al. (2012) mentioned that, with the help of customer based marketing a company is able to interact directly with its customers and meet their needs. There are various advantages of this marketing issue that the company is able to gather in its business. These advantages are mentioned below: Increasing profit The company Perth painting is able to develop its customers demographic appropriately. The company provides both commercial and industrial painting services. As the company has an established set of customer demography, the company is able to focus on its advertising efforts. As Brodie et al. (2012) stated that, meeting all the expectation and demand of each set of customers help the company to gain a higher amount of profit. Reducing the cost of advertising The company already knows the high-end and middle-end segment of customers are more interested towards its products due to high quality and high price. It helps the company to save extra investment on advertising. For example, the company sends email or SMS to their target customers to acknowledge them about any new product or offers available on existing products. It helps them to create a strong relationship with their customers without spending extra money on advertising (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). Word-of-mouth marketing The customers, who are satisfied with the products and services are given by the company Perth painting, recommend their friends and family members to use their painting products in their houses (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). It will increase customer awareness about their business. As Ali and Amin (2014) mentioned that meeting the demands of customers on a regular basis and developing a positive relationship with customers will increase the effectiveness of word-of-mouth marketing. It will also give the company the chance to analyze the present business trend of the customers (Teixeira et al., 2012). There are various disadvantages that the company has to face while making a customer-centric approach. They are also mentioned below: There is a possibility to miss out a segment of customer As Teixeira et al. (2012) argued that, customer relationship marketing is mainly focused on customers who are already purchasing goods from the company. There is a huge possibility that the company can miss out a segment of interested customers. For example, the company has already perceived that the high-end and middle-level customers are only attracted towards their products due to their high quality of products (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). The company needs to provide effort on developing products for low-end customers. As Brodie et al., (2012) stated that, limited market efforts retract business expansion of a company. There is a possibility of over-advertise Most often it has been found that companies provide more than an extra effort on advertising. As Teixeira et al. (2012) stated that, instead of sending weekly email and SMS, the company needs to develop a monthly newsletter to let their customers know about the existing offers, product, and services available for this month. 8. Recommendations After going through the issues faced by the company in the existing market, it is required to discuss some effective recommendations in this part that might help the company to deal with the addressed situations carefully. It has already been seen that used materials in the paint are often hazardous and thus at the time of using this, the painters are required to be more careful. The best and the mostly used method of painting are to spray, using compressed air and for the purpose, a high velocity airless spray or an electrostatic applicator is used. To avoid any kind of health hazard due to spray, the company is required to shift their focus on some innovative ideas. With the course of time and advancement with technology, the painting industry has been expanding. However, it has been seen that the Perth Painting Company failed to satisfy the needs and the requirements of the customers all the time and this has hampered the company business to some extent. Therefore, the company must focus on innovation for staying competitive enough in the market. Other than following the business model of some other companies in the market, the company is advised to look at their own business model. The business model of one company might not fit in other company and this states the fact that the every company must focus on their own business model considering their nature of the business. Product differentiation is one of the major recommendations that can be given to the management of the company, as this might help the company to gain a strong market share in the company. The interior and the exterior decorations are largely changing and the innovative as well as attractive designs drag the attention of the customers. Therefore, the company is required to focus on that particular group that would be potential enough to bring noticeable changes to the overall designs. The advertising activities of the Perth Painting company are required to revise in order to get the attention of the customers. It has been seen that the marketing team of the company send the promotional messages to the customers every week and thus the customers do not get this advertising interesting enough. Therefore, it can be stated that the marketing team must arrange the promotional activities in a monthly manner, where the details of the products, the discounts, new products, best available services and some other useful details would be provided. This would help the company to get the attention of the customers separately and thus this type of advertising can be recommended to the company. One of the best ways to provide the customers best service is to analyze the feedback of the customers. Received feedbacks from the customers are required to analyze properly and this would help to analyze the requirements of the customers, their demands, preferences and trends. Therefore, it can be stated that the marketing and the management team mutually are required to focus on this part carefully. 9. Providing implementation schedule After providing the necessary recommendations to the company, in this part is required to design an implementation schedule in this part. This is a step by step process that is useful enough to gain proper competitive advantage in the market. In the first stage, it is required to develop the marketing plan for the company; which would help the company to expand in the existing market. Initially, it has been seen that the company has targeted the high and the high to middle income group customers in the society. This helped the company to earn revenue from limited projects. However, it can be stated that in order to stay competitive in the market, the company must shift their target customers to the middle to low income groups (Bowman Narayandas, 2014). It is no doubt to say that the numbers of customers in this group are always high and if the company targets them, they must revise their existing pricing strategy. Comparative low prices of the products would help the company to reach wider section of population in a short time and this would enhance the companys business growth. Proper and effective communication with these target people is required to make from the marketing team of the company to spread the business. T herefore, it can be stated that the shift in the target market helps the company to revise their existing market position (Gergely et al., 2014). In order to do that, it can be stated that the marketing and the management team of the company is required to develop an integrated media platform, which would help the company to spread. Proper advertising, social media campaigning, distributing leaflets, displaying eye-catching hoardings and brand endorsing are some of the well-accepted marketing activities that Perth Painting Company can rely on. Promotions through these effective and powerful channels are expected to help the company to reach the target market (Reinartz, Krafft Hoyer, 2014). In the next stage, it can be stated that the company must improve the customer service, as maintaining proper customer relationship largely decides the sustainability of the corporation. Initially the company is required to analyze the feedback of the existing customers and based on their feedback, the company is required to take the further steps (Fall et al., 2014). The marketing team is advised to focus on arranging promotional offers for the customers, who would take the service of the company for the first time. Additional benefits to the first time users and discounts on the services of the existing users might help the company to get the attention of large number of customers. With the course of time, marketing through social media has become one of the strong means to reach wide section of population in a short time and thus this part is required to shed light on (Prez et al., 2013). The entire process is required to implement on an urgent basis and monitor that regularly. Distributing questionnaire related to the customer satisfaction is necessary to get the feedbacks from the customers. Analyzing the reports might help the company to either modify or stick to the existing policies. Apart from that, the sales department of the Perth Painting Company must look at their revenue. If the margin rises, it can be understood that the strategies are working and if not, the company needs to revise the policy on an urgent basis. Thus the implementation schedule can be prepared (Luo Bhattacharya, 2012). 10. Conclusion After conduction of the entire research work, it can be stated that customer experience is one of the major parts for sustainability of any business. If the customers are not satisfied with the buying experience, they might not rely on that company further. Therefore, the customers are one of the strong pillars of any business. It has been seen that the Perth Painting Company was suffering from poor customer experience and this has been analyzed here in details. For dealing with the situation carefully, some effective recommendations have been provided here and it has been expected that the company would be able to revise the situation on an early basis. Therefore, maintaining positive customer experience in the present days strong competitive market is important enough. Moreover, it can be stated that positive customer experience contributes in referrals and these are often quicker with closing sales and less complicated or demanding consumers. References Ali, F., Amin, M. (2014). The influence of physical environment on emotions, customer satisfaction and behavioural intentions in Chinese resort hotel industry.Journal for Global Business Advancement,7(3), pp.249-266. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. (2013). Consumer-company identification: A framework for understanding consumers relationships with companies.Journal of marketing,67(2), pp.76-88. Bowman, D., Narayandas, D. (2014). Linking customer management effort to customer profitability in business markets.Journal of Marketing Research,41(4), pp.433-447. Brocato, E. D., Voorhees, C. 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Beowolf - The Epic Poem Essays - Beowulf, Geats, Free Essays Beowolf - The Epic Poem The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. The hero, Beowulf, is a seemingly invincible person with all the extraordinary traits required of a hero. He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself. He encounters hideous monsters and the most ferocious of beasts but he never fears the threat of death. His leadership skills are superb and he is even able to boast about all his achievements. Beowulf is the ultimate epic hero who risks his life countless times for immortal glory and for the good of others. Beowulf is a hero in the eyes of his fellow men through his amazing physical strength. He fought in numerous battles and returned victorious from all but his last. In his argument with Unferth, Beowulf explains the reason he "lost" a simple swimming match with his youthful opponent Brecca. Not only had Beowulf been swimming for seven nights, he had also stopped to kill nine sea creatures in the depths of the ocean. Beowulf is also strong enough to kill the monster Grendel, who has been terrorizing the Danes for twelve years, with his bare hands by ripping off his arm. When Beowulf is fighting Grendel's mother, who is seeking revenge on her son's death, he is able to slay her by slashing the monster's neck with a Giant's sword that can only be lifted by a person as strong as Beowulf. When he chops off her head, he carries it from the ocean with ease, but it takes four men to lift and carry it back to Herot mead-hall. This strength is a key trait of Beowulf's heroism. Another heroic trait of Beowulf is his ability to put his peoples welfare before his own. Beowulf's uncle is king of the Geats so he is sent as an emissary to help rid the Danes of the evil Grendel. Beowulf risks his own life for the Danes, asking help from no one. He realizes the dangers but fears nothing for his own life. After Beowulf had served his people as King of the Geats for fifty years, he goes to battle one last time to fight a horrible dragon who is frightening all of his people. Beowulf is old and tired but he defeats the dragon in order to protect his people. Even in death he wished so secure safety for the Geats so a tall lighthouse is built in order to help the people find there way back from sea. The most heroic of traits within Beowulf is that he is not afraid to die. He always explains his death wishes before going into battle and requests to have any assets delivered to his people. "And if death does take me, send the hammered mail of my armor to Higlac, return the inheritance I had from Hrehtel, and from Wayland. Fate will unwind as it must! (18)" He is aware of the heroic paradox; he will be glorified in life or death for his actions. He knows that when he fights an enemy like Grendel or Grendel's mother he will achieve immortality as the victor or the loser. "When we crossed the sea, my comrades and I, I already knew that all my purpose was this: to win the good will of your people or die in battle, pressed in Grendel's fierce grip. Let me live in greatness and courage, or here in this hall welcome my death! (22)" Even with the enormous amount of confidence Beowulf possesses, he underezds that Fate or Wyrd will work its magic no matter what and he could be killed at any point in his life. He faces that reality by showing no fear and preparing for a positive or a fatal outcome. Beowulf is the prime example of an epic hero. His bravery and strength surpass all mortal men; loyalty and the ability to think of himself last makes him reveared by all. Beowulf came openly and wholeheartedly to help the Danes which was an unusual occurrence in a time of war and wide-spread fear. He set a noble example for all human beings relaying the necessity of brotherhood and

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(Alexander 1989: 143; Hicks 2001: 387; Slonimsky 2001: 314 315; Whittall 1987: 55.) BERLIOZS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYMPHONY Berlioz reconceived the symphony as a programmatic work and allowed it to be in an unconventional form to fit the program. Influenced by Beethovens Fifth and Sixth Symphonies, Berlioz shaped his Symphonies around a series of emotions that tell a story. Berlioz was not a pianist and was not influenced by thinking harmonically like a pianist, but was harmonically influenced by guitar playing that was overstated by those who criticized him. (Burkholder 2006: 639; Longyear 1988: 138.) In 1826 Berlioz entered the Paris Conservatoire; he composed Herminie in 1828 for the Prix de Rome and won the second prize, Berlioz used the idà ©e fixe (fixed idea, a medical expression of the new psychology that Berlioz made into a musical term) of Herminie in his first symphony, the Symphonie fantastique. (Downes 1978: 150; Hicks 2001: 386.) Berlioz was a twenty-six year old conservatorium student when he composed Symphonie fantastique. It was his love for the Irish actress Harrieth Smithson that inspired him to compose the Symphonie fantastique. He based the story on his own personal experiences with the actress. The Symphonie fantastique is much unrelated to the works contemporary with it or the past. It is seen as one of the biggest works that helped developing the symphony to new heights, it gave its listeners an experience to listen to, until Stravinsky composed Rite of the Spring. (Alexander 1989: 146; Burkholder 2006: 639; Downes 1978: 147; Einstein 1957: 163 164; Hicks 2001: 386 387; Slonimsky 2001: 315; Whittall 1987: 63.) The Symphonie fantastique is not operatic but is seen as a drama. Berlioz decided to integrate the music with a recurring melody known as the idà ©e fixe which he used in each movement to represent the image of the heros beloved to fit the mood and situation of each point of the symphony. After this work Berlioz and the rest of the Romantic Movement struggled to get along with the leitmotif. (Alexander 1989: 146; Burkholder 2006: 639; Einstein 1957: 134; Slonimsky 2001: 315.) Berlioz made sure that the people who listened to the Symphonie fantastique would understand the inspiration that inspired him to compose the Symphony, by giving it the subtitle Episode in the Life of an Artist and providing it with an autobiographical program, which is being read silently by the listener while the symphony plays. The Symphonie fantastique became a musical autobiography. There are no words sung or read aloud during the performance. The autobiographical document that was provided explained each movements expressions and moods. (Alexander 1989: 146; Burkholder 2006: 640; Slonimsky 2001: 315.) The Symphonie fantastique is divided into five movements: I. Dreams and Passions; II. A Ball; III. Scene in the fields; IV. March to Execution; V. Dream of a Sabbath Night. The first movement describes a musician that falls in love with a woman he sees for the first time, but his mind cannot stop thinking about her, causing the idea fixe to keep on recurring in the movements of the symphony. The first movement have a slow introduction followed by an allegro that has the same characteristics as a sonata form, but the development section is interrupted by an three-measure pause announcing the main theme in the dominant, which he keeps doing until tutti fortissimo appears in tonic. (Alexander 1989: 147; Burkholder 2006: 640; Downes 1978: 150 154; Slonimsky 2001: 315.) In the second movement the musician goes to a ball, but is troubled because he keeps on seeing images of his beloved in his head. Berlioz replaced the minuet with a waltz, describing the musician at a ball with the idà ©e fixe describing the images of the beloved recurring in his head. The third movement is a slow movement which takes place in a country, where he walks and then he hears in the distance two herdsmen piping to their flocks as his mind is distracted by thinking of his beloved. (Alexander 1989: 147; Burkholder 2006: 640; Downes 1978: 150 155.) In the fourth movement the musician is troubled by his rejected love and poisons himself with opium. But instead of the poison killing him he receives dreams that he killed his beloved and is condemned to death. In the end of the march the first four bars of the idà ©e fixe returns like a last memory of his beloved. (Alexander 1989: 147; Burkholder 2006: 640; Downes 1978: 150 155.) In the last movement he sees himself at a Sabbath where beasts and witches gather for his burial. The idà ©e fixe with two other themes are transformed, first alone then combined. The Dies irae is a chant sequence from one of the themes, which is part of the Mass for the Dead. (Alexander 1989: 147; Burkholder 2006: 640; Downes 1978: 150.) Berlioz hoped for an orchestra of over 200 for the premiere, but never had more than 130 players. The variety of orchestral colours was normally achieved with the list found in the printed score: 2 flutes, 2 oboes. 2 B-flat clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 cornets, 2 trumpets, 2 tubas, 3 trombones, 4 horns, piccolo, E-flat clarinet, kettle drums, bass drum, bells, and the strings. (Downes 1978: 155.) Berliozs next important work was Harold en Italie, with a viola as a solo instrument and orchestra. This was his second symphony. The title was drawn and inspired by Lord Byrons poem; Childe Harold. Paganini commissioned it but refused to play it because of the viola part that does not have enough to play. (Burkholder 2006: 641; Downes 1978: 130; Slonimsky 2001: 315.) Harold en Italie is a picturesque symphony. It does not have a program, but it only has specific titles for each movement: I. Adagio Allegro Harold in the Mountains: Scenes of Sadness, of happiness, and of Joy. II. Allegretto. March of the Pilgrims Singing Their Evening Prayer. III. Allegro assai Allegretto. Serenade of an Abruzzi Mountaineer to His Mistress. IV. Allegro frenetic. Brigands Orgy; Memoirs of Past Scenes. (Alexander 1989: 152; Downes 1978: 132.) A reappearance theme in the viola reappears in every movement of the symphony and is combined contrapuntally to each movement. The first movement has an Melancholy opening section that anticipates the principal melody, which represents Harold. It is first presented in a minor key, then the viola takes over playing the melody twice, very soft the second time. The accompaniment is played by the harp. The live part of the movement has an idà ©e fixe symphonic-ally developed in fragments. (Burkholder 2006: 641; Downes 1978: 132.) In the second movement the strings play a melody, soft at first then it crescendos as if the pilgrims is approaching, the it fades away as the idà ©e fixe returns slightly transformed. The third movement after the fast introduction the serenade melody is related to the idà ©e fixe and played by the English horn. Berlioz added colour to this movement by imitating the pifferari. (Allexander 1989: 152; Downes 1978: 132.) The final movement recalls the themes of the first three movements almost like Beethovens ninth symphony, but does not end with a chorale. Between the episodes are rapid modulations, and the viola remains active, so that the work inverts the heroism of Beethovens symphonies. Throughout the first three movements a double idà ©e fixe accurse: in the first both where in the solo viola and melody, in the second and third instead of becoming the mood it is combined with the music. (Alexander 1989: 152; Burkholder 2006: 641; Downes 1978: 132.) The printed score has a piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, 4 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, ophicleide or tuba, triangle, kettledrums, cymbals, harp. the solo viola part was conceived for Paganini. And the string section: 15 violins, 15 second violins, 10 violas, 12 cellos and 9 double basses. (Downes 1978: 132.) Berlioz conducted Harold en Italie near the end of 1838 in front of an audience. After the performance Paganini bowed on his knees and clamed Berlioz as the successor of Beethoven, the following day Paganini send Berlioz money, enabling Berlioz to reduce his journalistic commitments and devote himself to composition. By the end of 1839 he composed and performed Romà ©o et Juliette. (Alexander 1989: 153; Downes 1978: 141.) Romà ©o et Juliette is central to his achievements, it is also the first large-scale work that is based on a major work of art. His symphony played its part in the development of the musical language appropriate to the symphonic poem. It influenced Liszt and Wagner, who were at one of Berliozs performances. Berlioz called this symphony the dramatic symphony, he combined the orchestra, soloist and chorus into an concert drama. (Alexander 1989: 153; Burkholder 2006: 641; Downes 1978: 140 141.) CONCLUSION Hector Berlioz was criticized about his works, but because of his unique style he developed the symphony to a new standard that was beyond those of his contemporaries. Berlioz is seen as the father of the symphony, and was influenced by Beethovens Fifth and Sixth Symphonies. His harmonic influence was developed by guitar playing. (Alexander 1989: 143; Burkholder 2006: 639; Hicks 2001: 387; Longyear 1988: 138; Slonimsky 2001: 314 315; Whittall 1987: 55.) Berlioz invented the term idà ©e fixe and used it in his symphonies to showcase a recurring theme that keeps on returning reminding the listener of a previous event. This is an example that Berlioz was indeed an influence on Wagner when you go look at Wagners works such as his music dramas that contains leitmotivs that is a theme that recurs the whole time reminding the listener of something, like the ring leitmotive in The ring of the Nibelungs. (Burkholder 2006: 639 641, 693 694; Downes 1978: 150; Hicks 2001: 386.) The Symphonie fantastique is just not just an introduction to making a symphony into a narrative or autobiographical purpose, but also Berliozs skill to compose emotional content for communicational purposes. Berlioz unified the symphony by introducing the idà ©e fixe in all five his movements of the Symphonie fantastique and in the four movements of Harold en Italie, extending the ideas Beethoven had in his fifth, sixth and ninth symphonies. (Burkholder 2006: 641) Berlioz created a variety by changing his themes by using different instrumental colours that gave a character to each passage. Examples were muted strings, harps, English horns, offstage oboe, snare drum, cymbals, tubular bells, and by letting the violinists play on the wooden side of their bows. Berliozs creativeness is seen everywhere in his compositions. (Burkholder 2006: 641) Berliozs Symphonies made him the leader of the Romantic movement, all composers of program music would be indebted to Berlioz. He introduced the orchestra with new resources of harmony, colour, expression and form. His orchestration created a new era in which instrumental colour could be used as an expressive tool for composers. (Burkholder 2006: 641) SOURCES Alexander, L. Mc Culloch, D. 1989. Heritage of Music: The Romantic Era. New York: Oxford University press. Burkholder, J. P., Grout, D. J., Palisca, C. V. 2006. A History of Western Music. London: WW Norton. Downes, E. 1978. Everymans Guide to Orchestral Music. London: J. M . Dent and Sons. Einstein, A. 1957. Music In The Romatic Era. New York: Norton Company. Hicks, A. 2001. The New grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vol 3. London: Macmillan. Longyear, R, M. 1988. Nineteenth-Century Romanticism in music. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Slonimsky, N. 2001. Bakers Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Volume 1. New York: Schirmer Books. Whittall, A. 1987. Romantic Music: A Concise History from Schubert to Sibelius. London: Thames and Hudson. Downes, E. 1978. Everymans Guide to Orchestral Music. London: J. M . Dent and Sons.

William Kinmond’s What a newsman found who got into red China and Mark

William Kinmond’s What a newsman found who got into red China and Mark Salzman’s Iron and Silk In William Kinmond’s â€Å"What a newsman found who got into red China† and Mark Salzman’s Iron and Silk, the reader experiences a mental ride of China. Both Salzman and Kinmond use subtlety and skill to write about what they found in Red China. The texts’ have somewhat different subject matters because each writer visited China with different motives and at different time periods. As the title suggests, Kinmond who goes to China in 1957 is there to report for the Canadian newspaper ‘The Globe and Mail’. On the other hand, Salzman goes to China in 1982 to teach English. Nonetheless, both writers’ construction of Red China and its people can be zeroed in with the help of one important issue; their coverage of train transport. Trains are by far the main means of transport in China and most people’s lives are centered around them. Although, through the analysis of train travel, both Salzman and Kinmond construct the C hinese people, Salzman concentrates on the government connection in train transport while Kinmond concentrates on the actual conditions aboard a train. Salzman’s first point about government interference is that travel officials are on a power trip when it comes to dealing with travelers. Since the communist government controls and governs all aspects of train business, Salzman vividly constructs the relationship between the people and the government. He shows that unlike in his home country of USA, travel officials in China go out of their way to deliberately interfere with people’s travels. After two years of teaching English and learning kung-fu in China, Salzman’s received lots of gifts from hi... ...r the reader through their coverage of train travel although they each largely concentrate on the different aspects of it. Salzman illustrates that the government is present in all aspects of train travel in china and people have to put up to its way of running the show. Kinmond shows that the train accommodation is of so low key, but the Chinese people put up to it anyway. Their similar observation concerning government propaganda soliciting should show the ‘the cause and effect’ relationship between government interference and bad accommodation. Works Cited List: Chui, May. Student at Lafayette College. An interview with her in the library. April 11, 2001. Kinmond, William. â€Å"What a Newsman Found Who Got into Red China†. US News and World Report. New York. August 9th, 1957. Salzman , Mark. Iron and Silk . Vintage Departments . New York (1986).